Stainless Steel 304, 304L, and 304H Sheets, Plates, and Coils are renowned for their exceptional corrosion resistance, making them indispensable materials across a spectrum of industries. Composed primarily of chromium and nickel, these austenitic stainless steels exhibit outstanding durability and versatility.
Stainless Steel 304 boasts a balanced composition, ensuring robust resistance to corrosion in various environments. Its low carbon variant, 304L, offers enhanced weldability while maintaining similar corrosion resistance properties. On the other hand, 304H, with its higher carbon content, is designed for elevated temperature applications, making it ideal for use in conditions requiring increased strength and resistance to oxidation.
| Property | Stainless Steel 304 | Stainless Steel 304L | Stainless Steel 304H |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chemical Composition | |||
| Chromium (Cr) | 18.0-20.0% | 18.0-20.0% | 18.0-20.0% |
| Nickel (Ni) | 8.0-10.5% | 8.0-12.0% | 8.0-10.5% |
| Carbon (C) | 0.08% max | 0.03% max | 0.04-0.10% |
| Manganese (Mn) | 2.0% max | 2.0% max | 2.0% max |
| Phosphorus (P) | 0.045% max | 0.045% max | 0.045% max |
| Sulfur (S) | 0.030% max | 0.030% max | 0.030% max |
| Silicon (Si) | 0.75% max | 0.75% max | 0.75% max |
| Mechanical Properties | |||
| Tensile Strength (MPa) | 515 min | 485 min | 515 min |
| Yield Strength (0.2% offset) (MPa) | 205 min | 170 min | 205 min |
| Elongation (% in 50mm) | 40 min | 40 min | 40 min |
| Hardness (Brinell) | 201 max | 201 max | 201 max |
| Standards and Specifications | |||
| ASTM/ASME | A240, SA240 | A240, SA240 | A240, SA240 |
| EN Standard | 10088-2 | 10088-2 | 10088-2 |
| DIN Standard | 1.4301 | 1.4307 | 1.4948 |
| JIS Standard | SUS 304 | SUS 304L | SUS 304H |
| Dimensions | |||
| Thickness | 0.3mm – 100mm | 0.3mm – 100mm | 0.3mm – 100mm |
| Width | 1000mm, 1219mm, | 1000mm, 1219mm, | 1000mm, 1219mm, |
| 1500mm, 1800mm, | 1500mm, 1800mm, | 1500mm, 1800mm, | |
| 2000mm, or as | 2000mm, or as | 2000mm, or as | |
| required | required | required | |
| Length | 2000mm, 2440mm, | 2000mm, 2440mm, | 2000mm, 2440mm, |
| 3000mm, 5800mm, | 3000mm, 5800mm, | 3000mm, 5800mm, | |
| 6000mm, or as | 6000mm, or as | 6000mm, or as | |
| required | required | required | |
| Surface Finish | 2B, 2D, BA, NO.1, | 2B, 2D, BA, NO.1, | 2B, 2D, BA, NO.1, |
| NO.4, NO.8, 8K, | NO.4, NO.8, 8K, | NO.4, NO.8, 8K, | |
| mirror, checkered, | mirror, checkered, | mirror, checkered, | |
| embossed, hairline, | embossed, hairline, | embossed, hairline, | |
| sandblast, Brush, | sandblast, Brush, | sandblast, Brush, | |
| etching, etc. | etching, etc. | etching, etc. |
Chemical Processing: Resistant to corrosion, they’re ideal for tanks, pipes, and valves in chemical plants.
Food and Beverage Industry: Hygienic and durable, used in food processing equipment, storage tanks, and containers.
Pharmaceuticals: Ensures cleanliness and corrosion resistance in reactors, mixers, and pharmaceutical processing equipment.
Architecture: Used in building facades, roofing, and structural components due to its aesthetic appeal and durability.
Automotive: Employed in exhaust systems, trim, and decorative elements due to its strength and corrosion resistance.
Aerospace: Used in aircraft components, fittings, and fasteners for its lightweight properties and durability.
Energy Sector: Suitable for heat exchangers, boilers, and power generation equipment due to its resistance to high temperatures and corrosion.
General Manufacturing: Widely used in various manufacturing processes due to its excellent mechanical properties, formability, and weldability.
Marine Applications: Offers excellent resistance to saltwater corrosion, making it suitable for marine engineering applications.
Construction: Utilized in construction applications requiring corrosion-resistant and durable materials for long-term performance.
Stainless Steel 316, 316L, and 316H sheets, plates, and coils are highly versatile and widely used in various industries due to their exceptional corrosion resistance, high durability, and excellent mechanical properties. Composed primarily of chromium, nickel, and molybdenum, these grades offer superior resistance to corrosive environments, including those containing acids, alkalis, and chlorides.
| Property | Stainless Steel 316 | Stainless Steel 316L | Stainless Steel 316H |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chemical Composition | |||
| Chromium (Cr) | 16.0-18.0% | 16.0-18.0% | 16.0-18.0% |
| Nickel (Ni) | 10.0-14.0% | 10.0-14.0% | 10.0-14.0% |
| Molybdenum (Mo) | 2.0-3.0% | 2.0-3.0% | 2.0-3.0% |
| Carbon (C) | 0.08% max | 0.03% max | 0.04-0.10% |
| Manganese (Mn) | 2.0% max | 2.0% max | 2.0% max |
| Phosphorus (P) | 0.045% max | 0.045% max | 0.045% max |
| Sulfur (S) | 0.030% max | 0.030% max | 0.030% max |
| Silicon (Si) | 0.75% max | 0.75% max | 0.75% max |
| Mechanical Properties | |||
| Tensile Strength (MPa) | 515 min | 485 min | 515 min |
| Yield Strength (0.2% offset) (MPa) | 205 min | 170 min | 205 min |
| Elongation (% in 50mm) | 40 min | 40 min | 40 min |
| Hardness (Brinell) | 217 max | 217 max | 217 max |
| Standards and Specifications | |||
| ASTM/ASME | A240, SA240 | A240, SA240 | A240, SA240 |
| EN Standard | 10088-2 | 10088-2 | 10088-2 |
| DIN Standard | 1.4401 | 1.4404 | 1.4401 |
| JIS Standard | SUS 316 | SUS 316L | SUS 316H |
| Dimensions | |||
| Thickness | 0.3mm – 100mm | 0.3mm – 100mm | 0.3mm – 100mm |
| Width | 1000mm, 1219mm, | 1000mm, 1219mm, | 1000mm, 1219mm, |
| 1500mm, 1800mm, | 1500mm, 1800mm, | 1500mm, 1800mm, | |
| 2000mm, or as | 2000mm, or as | 2000mm, or as | |
| required | required | required | |
| Length | 2000mm, 2440mm, | 2000mm, 2440mm, | 2000mm, 2440mm, |
| 3000mm, 5800mm, | 3000mm, 5800mm, | 3000mm, 5800mm, | |
| 6000mm, or as | 6000mm, or as | 6000mm, or as | |
| required | required | required | |
| Surface Finish | 2B, 2D, BA, NO.1, | 2B, 2D, BA, NO.1, | 2B, 2D, BA, NO.1, |
| NO.4, NO.8, 8K, | NO.4, NO.8, 8K, | NO.4, NO.8, 8K, | |
| mirror, checkered, | mirror, checkered, | mirror, checkered, | |
| embossed, hairline, | embossed, hairline, | embossed, hairline, | |
| sandblast, Brush, | sandblast, Brush, | sandblast, Brush, | |
| etching, etc. | etching, etc. | etching, etc. |
1. Chemical Processing: These grades are widely used in chemical processing industries for equipment such as reactors, tanks, heat exchangers, and piping systems due to their excellent corrosion resistance to acids, alkalis, and corrosive chemicals.
2. Marine Applications: Stainless Steel 316 series is popular in marine environments for components like boat fittings, marine hardware, and underwater structures due to their resistance to corrosion in saltwater environments.
3. Pharmaceutical Industry: These stainless steel grades are used in pharmaceutical manufacturing for equipment like storage tanks, process vessels, and pharmaceutical piping systems where hygiene, durability, and resistance to corrosion are critical.
4. Food Processing: Stainless Steel 316, 316L, and 316H are utilized in the food and beverage industry for equipment such as food processing machinery, storage tanks, and transportation containers due to their hygienic properties and resistance to corrosion from food acids and environments.
5. Medical Devices: These stainless steel grades find applications in the medical industry for manufacturing surgical instruments, medical implants, and medical devices due to their biocompatibility, corrosion resistance, and sterilization capability.
6. Oil and Gas Industry: Stainless Steel 316 series is used in the oil and gas sector for equipment like pipelines, valves, and fittings due to their resistance to corrosion in harsh environments containing corrosive fluids and gases.
7. Heat Exchangers: Stainless Steel 316, 316L, and 316H are used in the manufacturing of heat exchangers for various industries such as HVAC, chemical processing, and power generation due to their excellent thermal conductivity and resistance to corrosion at elevated temperatures.
8. Architectural Applications: These stainless steel grades are used in architectural applications such as building facades, roofing, and decorative elements due to their aesthetic appeal, durability, and resistance to corrosion in outdoor environments.
9. Automotive Industry: Stainless Steel 316 series finds applications in the automotive sector for manufacturing exhaust systems, automotive trim, and structural components due to their corrosion resistance and high strength-to-weight ratio.
10. Industrial Equipment: These stainless steel grades are used in various industrial equipment like pumps, valves, and fittings due to their corrosion resistance, strength, and durability, ensuring long-term reliability in demanding operating conditions.
Stainless Steel 321 and 321H sheets, plates, and coils are alloys renowned for their exceptional resistance to high-temperature oxidation and intergranular corrosion. Comprising primarily of chromium, nickel, and titanium, these grades offer enhanced stability against carbide precipitation during welding or exposure to high temperatures. Stainless Steel 321H is the high-carbon variant, providing elevated strength and creep resistance at elevated temperatures compared to standard 321.
| Property | Stainless Steel 321 | Stainless Steel 321H |
|---|---|---|
| Chemical Composition (%) | ||
| Carbon (C) | 0.08 max | 0.04 – 0.10 |
| Chromium (Cr) | 17.0 – 19.0 | 17.0 – 19.0 |
| Nickel (Ni) | 9.0 – 12.0 | 9.0 – 12.0 |
| Manganese (Mn) | 2.0 max | 2.0 max |
| Silicon (Si) | 1.0 max | 1.0 max |
| Phosphorus (P) | 0.045 max | 0.045 max |
| Sulfur (S) | 0.03 max | 0.03 max |
| Titanium (Ti) | 5xC min | 4xC – 0.70 min |
| Mechanical Properties | ||
| Tensile Strength (MPa) | 515 min | 515 min |
| Yield Strength 0.2% (MPa) | 205 min | 205 min |
| Elongation (% in 50mm) | 40 min | 40 min |
| Hardness (Brinell) | 217 max | 217 max |
| Physical Properties | ||
| Density (g/cm³) | 8.0 | 8.0 |
| Melting Range (°C) | 1398 – 1446 | 1398 – 1446 |
| Specific Heat (J/kg·K) | 500 (0-100°C) | 500 (0-100°C) |
| Electrical Resistivity (μΩ·cm) | 720 (20°C) | 720 (20°C) |
| Thermal Conductivity (W/m·K) | 16.3 (100°C) | 16.3 (100°C) |
| Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (µm/m·K) | 16.5 (20-100°C) | 16.5 (20-100°C) |
High-Temperature Applications: Due to their excellent high-temperature resistance, Stainless Steel 321/321H sheets, plates, and coils are commonly used in equipment for thermal processing industries such as aerospace, power generation, and automotive.
Corrosion Resistance: These materials offer superior corrosion resistance in harsh environments, making them suitable for applications in chemical processing plants, petrochemical industries, and pharmaceutical manufacturing where exposure to corrosive substances is common.
Heat Exchangers: Stainless Steel 321/321H sheets, plates, and coils are preferred for the fabrication of heat exchangers used in various industrial processes, including HVAC systems, chemical reactors, and refineries, due to their resistance to oxidation and scaling at elevated temperatures.
Pressure Vessels: Their combination of high strength and corrosion resistance makes Stainless Steel 321/321H sheets, plates, and coils ideal for constructing pressure vessels used in oil and gas processing, water treatment, and other industrial applications.
Food Processing Equipment: Stainless Steel 321/321H is often utilized in the manufacturing of food processing equipment such as cookware, food storage tanks, and conveyor systems due to its hygienic properties, corrosion resistance, and ease of cleaning.
Welded Components: These materials are suitable for welded components in structural applications where high mechanical strength and corrosion resistance are required, such as in building construction, bridges, and transportation equipment.
Exhaust Systems: Stainless Steel 321/321H sheets, plates, and coils are commonly employed in exhaust systems for automobiles, aircraft, and industrial machinery due to their resistance to high temperatures and corrosive gases.
Chemical Processing: They are used in the fabrication of reaction vessels, piping, and valves for chemical processing plants, where resistance to corrosive chemicals and high temperatures is critical for long-term performance.
Oil & Gas Industry: Stainless Steel 321/321H is used in offshore platforms, pipelines, and processing equipment in the oil and gas industry due to its resistance to corrosion from seawater, acids, and sulfide stress cracking.
Medical Equipment: Components for medical devices and surgical instruments are often manufactured from Stainless Steel 321/321H due to its biocompatibility, sterilizability, and resistance to corrosion in medical environments.
Stainless Steel 904L sheets, plates, and coils are premium-grade materials renowned for their exceptional corrosion resistance and high strength, making them indispensable across diverse industrial applications. Composed of nickel, chromium, molybdenum, and copper, Stainless Steel 904L exhibits superior resistance to various corrosive environments, including acidic and chloride-rich conditions encountered in chemical processing, petrochemical, and marine industries. These sheets, plates, and coils are meticulously crafted to deliver optimal performance, offering reliability in critical applications such as desalination plants, pharmaceutical manufacturing, and offshore oil rigs. With their unmatched durability, Stainless Steel 904L sheets, plates, and coils stand as the preferred choice for projects demanding resilience and longevity in the face of challenging operating conditions.
| Property | Specification |
|---|---|
| Composition | Chromium 19-23%, Nickel 23-28%, Molybdenum 4-5%, |
| Copper 1.0-2.0%, Manganese ≤2.0%, Silicon ≤0.7%, | |
| Carbon ≤0.02%, Phosphorus ≤0.045%, Sulfur ≤0.035% | |
| Density | 7.95 g/cm³ |
| Melting Range | 1300-1390°C |
| Tensile Strength | ≥ 490 MPa |
| Yield Strength | ≥ 220 MPa |
| Elongation | ≥ 35% |
| Hardness (Brinell) | ≤ 150 HBW |
| Corrosion Resistance | Excellent resistance to sulfuric and phosphoric acids, chloride stress corrosion cracking, pitting and crevice corrosion, and intergranular corrosion |
| Temperature Range | -50°C to 150°C |
| Forms Available | Sheets, Plates, Coils |
| Standard | ASTM B625, ASTM B649, ASTM B673, ASTM B674, ASTM B677 |
Chemical Processing: Widely employed in chemical processing industries for equipment such as tanks, reactors, and piping due to its excellent corrosion resistance against various acids, including sulfuric, phosphoric, and acetic acids.
Petrochemical Industry: Utilized in petrochemical plants for the construction of heat exchangers, columns, and vessels where resistance to corrosion from chloride stress cracking and acidic environments is crucial.
Oil and Gas Applications: Stainless Steel 904L is used in offshore oil rigs, pipelines, and processing equipment due to its ability to withstand harsh marine environments, including exposure to seawater and brine solutions.
Desalination Plants: It finds application in desalination plants for equipment such as evaporators, heat exchangers, and pumps, where resistance to corrosion from saltwater and brine is essential.
Pharmaceutical Industry: Stainless Steel 904L is preferred for pharmaceutical manufacturing equipment, including reactors, storage tanks, and piping systems, owing to its hygienic properties and resistance to corrosion from chemicals used in the production process.
Power Generation: Used in power plants for components like boilers, heat exchangers, and condensers due to its ability to withstand high temperatures and corrosive environments present in steam systems and cooling circuits.
Food Processing: Stainless Steel 904L is suitable for food processing equipment such as storage tanks, mixing vessels, and conveyors due to its non-reactive nature, hygienic properties, and resistance to corrosion from food acids.
Aerospace Industry: Employed in aerospace applications for components such as fuel tanks, exhaust systems, and structural parts due to its high strength-to-weight ratio and corrosion resistance in high-temperature environments.
Water Treatment: Used in water treatment plants for equipment such as pumps, valves, and filtration systems, where resistance to corrosion from chlorinated water and chemicals is essential for long-term performance.
Architectural Applications: Stainless Steel 904L is used in architectural projects for structural elements, cladding, and decorative features due to its aesthetic appeal, durability, and resistance to atmospheric corrosion.
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